ABSTRACT
Background: The Food Commerce industry has flourished massively during the past decade in South Kolkata in West Bengal, with new outlets opening every now and then, so much so that this region is known as 'Food Street'. Regardless of their scale of operations, each of these outlets had well established themselves, catering to their respective target markets and earning decent amount of revenue over the years. However, this growth suffered a setback owing to the origin of novel Coronavirus SARS-n-CoV-2. The growth rate declined to a great extent over the span of two years, with recent studies showing an overall stunted growth rate. Even though online marketing of these outlets and selling the food through delivery apps have aided the entrepreneurs, the cost to revenue ratio is not at par with that of the times before the pandemic hit. Overall, the pandemic has impacted the eateries in more way than initially imagined. Objectives: (a) To reveal the various problems and scenarios of managing food business during the Covid-19 pandemic in South Kolkata region;(b) To compare the present scenario of the food industry with how things were before prior to the pandemic to understand the nature of change during this time frame;and, (c) To describe the challenges and methods implemented by the food retail business entrepreneurs and managers of the randomly selected establishments to hold a steady business flow during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: The study follows a descriptive research design. Therefore, the research will describe the characteristics of the sample under study. The food outlets of South Kolkata have been chosen as the study location. 100 respondents were selected. The respondents are those who consume food from these outlets such that they represent the wider target market of the 'Food Street'. Both Primary Data and Secondary Data were used. Primary Data was collected through sample survey. Random Sampling technique was used to choose the respondents. The study used quantitative data, therefore, only Quantitative analysis was performed. Results: The Research was able to depict the comparison between the present scenario and the situation prior to the pandemic. The study was able to reveal the challenges and problems that the food outlets had to suffer from. Also, the methods or strategies taken up by the entrepreneurs of these outlets to overcome the pandemic were discovered. 46% of the respondents opted for "Mobile Food Delivery" as their strategy to revive from losses. Conclusion: With COVID-19 having altered - and still in the process of altering - the definition of "normal" across the world, most industries are still scrambling to adjust. The effect on the restaurant industry has been particularly dramatic. With restaurants and pubs closed for sit-down service, many establishments are struggling to keep their heads above water. The food outlets located in South Kolkata shares the same fate and the research is able to highlight this effectively.
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The outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic has devastated economic activities around the world. The tourism industry is facing severe challenges, such as reduced tourist flow and the lack of tourist consumption at destinations. Recreational farms are one of the business types of agricultural tourism in Taiwan and have the characteristics of small and medium-sized agriculture businesses. The operator is facing an uncertain environment in the epidemic market, and the operator's dynamic capability is considered to be effective in coping with the current environment. In this study, 20 selected recreational farms were interviewed to explore how operators use dynamic capabilities to make responses. The results show that recreational farms have the three elements of dynamic capabilities: sense, seize, and transform, to change farm marketing channels and develop new products or services to respond to the new market. Recreational farm operators adopted resource optimization, computerization, and cost control strategies to respond to the market.
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Marketing involves assembling, storing, processing, packaging, grading, transportation and distribution of agricultural commodities from farmers to consumers. Marketing plays an important role in accelerating the pace of economic development of farmers. The present study mainly deals with the impact of COVID-19 on marketing behaviour of mango growers in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. The paper deals with changes that occurred in marketing behavior before and during pandemic, problems faced by the mango growers during pandemic. The study area was selected by purposive sampling and 50 respondents were selected randomly from three villages. The impact of pandemic on marketing behaviour was analyzed with the help of frequency, percentage and paired t-test using SPSS software. Before pandemic 78.40 per cent of mango growers sold their produce when prices are attractive,80.00 per cent sold to the export organization,86.00 per cent to nearby town,78.00 per cent by means of tractor and 82.00 per cent received their market information through fellow farmers. During pandemic, 80.00 per cent of the respondents sold their produce immediately after the harvest, 84.00 per cent of mango growers sold directly to the consumers, 64.00 per cent sold to nearby villages, 64.00 per cent sold by means of other transport sources, 78.00 percent received their market information through social media. Indicators of marketing behaviour such as time of sale, mode of sale, place of sale, mode of transport, source of market information had significant mean difference and showed decrease in mean values during pandemic when compared to before pandemic. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant impact of pandemic on marketing behaviour of mango growers. Major problem faced by the mango growers during pandemic is inadequate transport facilities (Garrett score 69.32) followed by export organizations remain closed(67.68) and fluctuations in price(60.54).
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The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying factors affecting marketing, marketing channels and analysing the marketing cost, margin, price spread, and marketing efficiency of farmers in the marketing of green chilies in Jorhat district of Assam. A sample of 80 farmers was selected using multistage stratified random sampling, and 30 market intermediaries were selected from the study area. Production was kept for home consumption, and the seed was one of the factors that indirectly affected the marketable surplus of green chili, significant at 1 percent. However, transportation costs of green chilies directly affected the markable surplus, significant at 10 percent. Among the two marketing channels identified, total marketing cost was low in channel I (124.06 per quintal) as compared to channel II (178.04 per quintal), signifying that marketing cost was low if the channel has lesser market intermediaries. The best channel for both producer and consumer was found to be channel I, in which producers receive the maximum share of consumers' rupee (77.06 percent), and consumers purchase the product at the low price 7700 per quintal. Marketing efficiency was found to be higher in channel I (3.36). The major constraint faced by the producers in the marketing of green chili was the low selling price that prevailed during the Covid-19 pandemic in the local and distant markets during the peak harvesting time. © 2022 Economic Affairs (New Delhi). All rights reserved.
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Chain management is an important aspect of running any business. In this article, we look at advances in chain management. At the beginning we present basic definitions and key issues related to the types of channels, followed by a discussion of the degrees of complexity of the chain. We then discuss chain flows - a step forward in chain management, supply chain efficiency indicators and so on. Finally, a brief summary of research to date and a discussion of future challenges for supply chain management are presented. The outbreak of COVID-19 introduced an unprecedented and extraordinary situation of supply chains whose survival requires a large-scale resilience.
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The crisis linked to the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the French fishing industry through market disruptions, both on the supply and on the demand sides. This article focuses on the measurement of impacts of these disruptions on the fish auction markets, considering regional and local dimensions. Fish auction markets are part of regional systems along each coastline of metropolitan France. At the local scale, they are differentiated with respect to the specialisation of products offered for first-sale. The measurement of impacts of the health crisis on these markets relate to the adaptation behaviour of fishers at regional and local scales. It is through the complementary nature of marketing channels that fishers can find solutions to future shocks.
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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the operations of many farm and food businesses across Louisiana. Producers had to adapt to changes or closures of market outlets, including farmers markets, farm-to-school programs, and restaurants. Using data collected from an online survey, this research examines pre- and post-pandemic marketing channels and challenges faced by food producers.
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Healthy diet and lifestyle are especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, more and more people of all age groups are getting involved into various sports and healthy diets. These factors have boosted the development of the sports nutrition industry. The current situation requires detailed studies of consumer preferences and digital marketing communications. The present research objective was to identify the role of digital marketing communications in sports nutrition. The study featured the consumer preferences in the market of sports nutrition and included an on-line survey of 500 residents of the Kuzbass Region engaged in various sports. The obtained results underwent statistical, economic, and graphic analyses. Men aged 18-29 appeared to be the main consumers of sports nutrition in Kuzbass. Most of them (90%) relied on the competent advice from the seller or coach and purchased sports foods in specialized shops or online. The target audience of sports nutrition consumers is expanding, which requires new promotion means. Digital marketing tools proved extremely effective as they bring information to the target audience in a tailored manner via social nets or influential bloggers. The article contains some recommendations for producers and sellers of sports foods based on the requirements of the main target consumers and their preferences regarding the place of purchase, content, communication channels, etc. The priority is shifting from traditional marketing communication channels to digital ones, i.e. contextual, targeted, and viral advertising, social media promotion, consultations with a shop assistant or a fitness club coach, direct online marketing, sponsorship of various sports events, joint online promotions with fitness club, etc.
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West Bengal is the leading state in fish seed production in India. The pick season for production and transportation of fish seed usually starts from March, while in 2020 due to the spread of COVID-19 pandemic and imposition of lockdown the supply of fish seed was paused, creating a threatening situation in the lives of the people associated with it. The study aims to find out different extremities faced by the fish seed traders from North-24 Parganas, Howrah and Nadia districts of West Bengal, India due to enforcement of lockdown. It reveals a complete halt in fish seed distribution at some locations. Most of the respondents, took part in this research are found upto graduate level educated persons who fear of fish scarcity and hike in fish price in very near future. The study also highlights the analysis of current marketing channel related to fish seed distribution and socio-economic condition of various fish seed actors.
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The paper deals with the analysis of the sources of competitiveness in the group of small farmers during the first wave of COVID-19. The aim is to reveal the drivers of farmer's success under introduced institutional measures. In particular, the paper addresses the following research questions: Does the group of small farmers catch up the opportunity to enhance their business? What are the sources of farmers' success? The results show that almost two third of interviewees were affected by the first wave of COVID-19 in the production and sale. The farmers faced problems with delivery of inputs, hiring labour inputs, increased sanitary requirements, limited or functionless some marketing channels and the ban on foreign trade. On the other hand, the analysis revealed that the costumers increased their demand on local and higher quality food. Moreover, farmers introduced several business innovations, such as the introduction of online payment methods and online technologies in the sale. Furthermore, they were pushed to speed up the prepared investments projects. These activities helped to increase the sales during the first wave of the COVID-19 and might represent drivers of success in their future business.
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Trends in tourist behaviour and new technologies applied to tourism are leading to a new paradigm in which the different public and private agents are committed to promotion and marketing in digital channels. It benefits suppliers and demanders in the purchasing process by creating value in the different phases of the process. The analysis of channels and their characteristics helps to understand the promotion and marketing capacity of a destination and its potential to attract tourists. The main objective is to analyse the competitive network of distribution channels, identifying and characterising the online channels operating in Extremadura by quantitatively identifying and characterising the distribution channels in a nature and cultural destination. The aim is to evaluate the promotion and marketing capacity of the different types of distribution channels. The results show the superiority of indirect distribution channels in line with new trends in intermediation. But it's shown the contradiction with the effectiveness of the development of this type of indirect channels in the face of the changes brought about by technological advances and the new needs of tourists and destinations following the health crisis caused by Covid-19.
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The objectives of this report are to review for each IGAD country the overall environment for the operational feasibility of implementing IBLI. The operational feasibility areas are summarized and scored at the end of each country chapter. They include the following;Importance of pastoral livestock for economy;Impact of drought on livestock;Pastoralist demand for livestock insurance;Effective distribution channels for micro-level IBLI;Existing pastoralist beneficiary registries;Pastoralist financial literacy;Legal and regulatory insurance environment;Insurance market development;Interest from insurers in IBLI;Finance available for premiums;and Interest from government stakeholders in IBLI. This report was conducted combining a desk-based study with key informant interviews. As for Volume I, given the travel restrictions due to COVID-19, only a minimum of in-country stakeholder meetings have been possible. Instead, questionnaires were shared with more than 50 in-country expert stakeholders (of which 21 replied), including ministries of agriculture, ministries of humanitarian affairs, ministries of finance, insurance regulators, development partners, livestock associations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), inquiring about the status quo of drought risk financing initiatives in IGAD countries, the status of needed operational infrastructure for a regional approach, and the interest of stakeholders to support such an approach. Where applicable, results from these questionnaires and from other stakeholder consultations were included in the country annexes (as indicated).
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This study aims to study the context of Praewa Ban Phon silk cooperative, impact and coping strategies of the cooperative to the epidemic of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) of the Praewa Ban Phon silk cooperative, Kham muang district, Kalasin province. Semi-structured interview was used to interview key informants. The result showed that the cooperative was established in 1978 in the name of the Housewife group under the foundation for the promotion of supplementary occupations and related techniques under the royal patronage of her majesty the queen Sirikit. In 2008, it was registered as Praewa Ban Phon silk cooperative. At present, it has 792 members across 4 districts in Kalasin province. The cooperative acts as the center to sell the products by buying the products from its members and other entrepreneurs. Dividend is shared among the members at the end of the year. The outbreak of the COVID-19 reduced income of the cooperative. Before the outbreak, net income of the cooperative were 57,989 baht and 261,292 baht in 2018 and 2019, respectively. After the COVID-19 hit in 2020, the cooperative lost 159,071 baht because the main marketing channel which is at the cooperative as well as other channels in the fair organized by the local government were shut. The cooperative coped with that situation by stopping buying the products from members and gradually sold the products in the stock. At the same time, it allowed members to sell the products to other buyers in order to keep the income to the member. Online marketing by Facebook page was one of coping strategies of the cooperative. According to those coping strategies, in 2021, the cooperative had net income of 20,637 baht.
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The covid-19 pandemic has posed massive challenges to every actor of our social system. In Southeast Asia, businesses are no exception;well-established corporations moved toward digital transformation faster than others. With a prescriptive objective in mind, this study explores the acceleration of the digital transformation in the retail industry in Sri Lanka upon the Covid-19 pandemic. Taking a qualitative research approach, the paper describes different approaches for DT. Business leaders from banking, telecommunication, and fast moving consumer goods were interviewed. Some business leaders had a strategic vision towards digitalization, not because they anticipated the pandemic coming, but rather because of its advantages. Managers saw that digital transformation would bring two main advantages. One is through disintermediation, by reaching out to clients directly, and that customers can reach out to businesses anytime anywhere. Second, in terms of the cost factor, digital implementations were conceived comparatively cheaper in the long run. The ‘new normal’ of businesses keep changing its ways every day as the virus variants evolve, warning us, this could be a situation that we have to deal with for longer than anticipated. This makes investing in digitalization and further keep the impetus of agile implementation worth the effort. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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In 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the healthy development of the hotel service industry. In order to survive and develop, the hotel industry is also constantly innovating. The research suggests that there are four difficulties in hotel service innovation: shortage of capital chain, imperfect incentive mechanism of innovation, huge change of customer consumption concept and unclear positioning of service innovation. Four innovative optimization strategies are proposed, including increasing contactless services, expanding new marketing channels, integrating products and services, and improving the level of digital services. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Landscape Research is the property of WuChu (USA - China) Science & Culture Media Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
The omnichannel approach to forming marketing strategies for the development of the green competitiveness of enterprises is seen as a process for the inseparable interaction of marketing-mix elements that are aimed at promoting green competitiveness. This approach integrates traditional and digital marketing communication channels and provides consideration for stakeholder interests. The effectiveness of applying the omnichannel approach to the formation of marketing strategies to develop the green competitiveness of enterprises depends on a set of marketing communication channels, which, in various combinations, can increase or decrease the level of companies’ green competitiveness. For that purpose, this paper proposes a scientific approach to identifying the quality parameters of marketing communication channels, which involves testing the hypothesis that statistically significant relationships exist between their quality parameters and the levels of green competitiveness. The objects analyzed in the paper comprise large Ukrainian production companies that are part of the agro-industrial, mechanical engineering, and food industries, and that work in both the local and international markets. According to the results of the calculations, four relevant parameters were identified for determining the quality of the marketing communication channels: the speed of loading pages, the failure rate, image, and remarketing activities.